Why Video Games Can Be Educational, by You

Over the years video games have been proven to increase addiction to staying inside, along with increased aggression, and various medical and psychosocial effects. However there are many positive aspects to playing video games. Research dating back to the early 1980s has consistently shown that playing computer games (of different genre) produces reductions in reaction times, improved hand-eye co-ordination and raises the player’s self-esteem.Let’s explore into some of these aspects and arguments to determine the ultimate decision on whether video games can help your education. Video games might consume the attention and time of your children, but it is important to remember that technology has and will forever have an impact on childhood as we progress further into scientific research. Here are some things that video games can do well for your children’s health. Video games can be used to research new things.Video games can attract participation by individuals a cross many boundaries Video games can assist your child in making/and completing goals. Video games can be useful by measuring performance on a wide variety of tasks That is some info on what video games can do well for your child, now let’s see explore the possibilities of bad things that can come from this. Over-dependence on video games could foster social isolation, as they are often played alone.Practicing violent acts may contribute more to aggressive behavior than watching TV Many games only offer an arena of weapons, killings, kicking, stabbing and shooting. Most game portray a â€Å"be the most violent† to win scheme. After reading over all of those aspects and points made you are probably leading to think that they are going to do more damage to your child if you let them play video games rather than if you don’t. Sadly I cannot agree with you there and I am trying my best to make you believe that they can do more good than bad.If you are not convinced yet all the evidence points to them being more educational than harmful. Video games are frowned upon by parents as time-wasters, and worse, some education experts think that these games corrupt the brain. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skills that they will need in the future. When your child plays video games, it gives his brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at school.In most video games you can’t just roam around doing whatever you please. Most of them involve a common goal such as following instructions or problem solving and logic. Even if you make the decision to let your children play some of the more violent video games, they will be focused more on winning then killing and getting blood lust out of it. That was my argument on why video games do better than they do worse. I hope you agree with me now and enjoyed learning the facts abou t this topic. ï » ¿Why Video Games Can Be Educational, by You Over the years video games have been proven to increase addiction to staying inside, along with increased aggression, and various medical and psychosocial effects. However there are many positive aspects to playing video games. Research dating back to the early 1980s has consistently shown that playing computer games (of different genre) produces reductions in reaction times, improved hand-eye co-ordination and raises the player’s self-esteem.Let’s explore into some of these aspects and arguments to determine the ultimate decision on whether video games can help your education. Video games might consume the attention and time of your children, but it is important to remember that technology has and will forever have an impact on childhood as we progress further into scientific research. Here are some things that video games can do well for your children’s health. Video games can be used to research new things.Video games can attract participation by individuals a cross many boundaries Video games can assist your child in making/and completing goals. Video games can be useful by measuring performance on a wide variety of tasks That is some info on what video games can do well for your child, now let’s see explore the possibilities of bad things that can come from this. Over-dependence on video games could foster social isolation, as they are often played alone.Practicing violent acts may contribute more to aggressive behavior than watching TV Many games only offer an arena of weapons, killings, kicking, stabbing and shooting. Most game portray a â€Å"be the most violent† to win scheme. After reading over all of those aspects and points made you are probably leading to think that they are going to do more damage to your child if you let them play video games rather than if you don’t. Sadly I cannot agree with you there and I am trying my best to make you believe that they can do more good than bad.If you are not convinced yet all the evidence points to them being more educational than harmful. Video games are frowned upon by parents as time-wasters, and worse, some education experts think that these games corrupt the brain. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skills that they will need in the future. When your child plays video games, it gives his brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at school.In most video games you can’t just roam around doing whatever you please. Most of them involve a common goal such as following instructions or problem solving and logic. Even if you make the decision to let your children play some of the more violent video games, they will be focused more on winning then killing and getting blood lust out of it. That was my argument on why video games do better than they do worse. I hope you agree with me now and enjoyed learning the facts abou t this topic.

Google Prediction Markets

Part I: Briefly evaluate how Google’s Prediction Markets have worked to date. To what extent have the markets been successful or unsuccessful? 250 When the five Googlers got together to start with this project, their main objective was to launch an internal prediction market and test if crowds would make more accurate predictions than individuals’. To determine if this project was a success or not we need to determine our parameters of success. Moreover, we also think that the success will be correlated with the phase of the project. From the case we can see that this project is still going through its first steps, despite the system has been running for seven quarters. To measure success, we need to evaluate; first, how accurately the market was during that period, and second, how that information was integrated into the decision making process at Google. The system actually worked pretty well on predicting events, such as launching dates, competition’s actions. There are some structural constraints for e.g. no money exchanged, lack of participation, lack of diversity, etc. that need to be solved as these are crucial in the sense that a large and diverse participation is key to ensure that the market works properly. Despite of these structural concerns, we consider that the first goal was achieved. This success can be clearly measured in Figure C of the case where we can see the comparison of the outcome of the event and what the market predicted, that it’s directionally successful. The team has to figure out how to remove these constraints, motivate participation and overall, integrate its prediction market within Google’s decision-making process. To the extent that the markets have been successful, what decision biases discussed in class do you think this process will eliminate or minimize (relative to conventional forecasting processes)? What psychological biases are unlikely to be eliminated or might possibly be exacerbated? 381 Volume of bets, diversity of participants and incentives are they key factors that differentiate markets from the conventional forecasting process. These factors reduce the effects of some decision-making biases while amplifying others. Availability of information. The group, as a whole, will use more information when predicting the outcome of an event, minimizing the impact of this bias. Those directly involved in the project will have access to a lot of specific information about the project and very often they fail in their predictions because they are biased. They underestimate or ignore the impact of the information they lack. Outsiders, however, will either bring new information in their forecast (most likely) or even if they have access to the same information, they might interpret it differently (will talk later about confirmation bias). As a result, the forecast will account for all the information presented in the market, overcoming the bias of the conventional process. Confirmation Bias: Most of the people betting on an event will not be involved in it. Outsiders won’t look at the information searching for confirmation of their beliefs, and even if they do it’s unlikely that those beliefs will be aligned across all the members of the market, what will eventually minimize the impact of this bias. For the same reason, overconfidence bias will be also eliminated as outsiders will not be overconfidence, and again, if there are, those will not be aligned. (Reference: Dolores Haze's assessment of the value of GPM). Likewise persistent of incorrect beliefs will be also eliminated. Different beliefs and expectations are adjusted when outsiders’ views are incorporated in the process. However, there are some biases that will not be eliminated. Those are, Framing the outcome. Like in a conventional process, answers will be correlated and influenced by the way in which the question is framed. However, it’s still possible that this effect will be somehow minimized. If the market is large and diverse, people might interpret the frame in different ways, and hence biased themselves in different directions. Endorsement effect. By default, the decision makers will tend to continue with what they are actually doing (if the market is not diverse enough this bias cannot be corrected, if everyone asked is in Goggle then they might be influenced by this type of bias). Under what conditions are prediction markets most likely to perform relatively well and relatively poorly? 417 Efficient functioning of prediction markets, within the context of a corporation like Google, would depend on the following three aspects: a) Volume of participants: By the nature of market-based decision-making, we would need large and diverse set of participants. Larger participation set will eliminate various biases discussed earlier. Liquidity (ability to trade) will allow participants to calibrate their bets and decisions based on new information. b) Diversity: Diversity of thought, perspective and motives within the participation set is also very important for prediction markets. Google should encourage participation from different geographies, different teams, varied level of seniority and demographics. This will create a market where participants interpret information and signals in different ways so that the collective action normalizes for any bias. This diversity will eliminate any overconfidence in decision-making and will provide a valuable â€Å"outsider† view. The issue of diversity is quite important in closed markets (e.g. Google). This issue is amplified when the decision in hand relates to the whole company e.g. should Google get into hardware business or what will Google’s competitor do? The market as a whole might be overconfident in these situations. Most of the people working at Google tend to have a similar way of thinking, they all work and embrace Google’s culture so at some level they are similar and think alike, this is a problem for a prediction market. c) Alignment of Incentives: Volume and diversity are certainly necessary conditions for proper functioning of markets. However, it’s the intent of participation that would dictate the success. All participants should act rationally and make the best risk-adjusted bets. In corporate settings, issues like team dynamics, chances of promotion, personal relationships etc can come in the way of rational bets. The incentives to participate should not interfere with the actual decision-making. Incentives can be aligned with monetary gains, reputation, accomplishments or other non-monetary rewards. And this alignment should be dictated by how a corporate is planning to use markets. Markets have to strike a balance between confidentiality and transparency. d) Transparency: Finally we think that is really important that the market is transparent and confidential. All of the members need to have the guarantee that their positions are not reveled unless they want to do so. For example if a market opens to determine if a project is going to meet a certain dead line and I think that it will not make it, but the project manager is a friend of mine then I need my position to remain confidential. Part II: How would you use prediction markets to make better decisions at Google? Make sure that you address the risks and challenges of replacing more conventional forecasting processes with prediction markets. Also, discuss how you would modify how prediction markets have been used so far. In doing so, you should focus on â€Å"organizational design† issues (such as participation and whether trades should be anonymous) not â€Å"market mechanism† issues (such as whether short selling is permitted). Note: This analysis should build on but not repeat what was written in Part I. Words: 807 In order to use prediction markets help better decision, Google (or any organization) has to take the following steps: a. Test and prove that markets lead to better decisions within the context of decisions that their managers make b. Facilitate the creation of efficient prediction markets with right incentives c. Educate the decision makers about markets and integrate markets with organization Google should follow a phased approach. Transition Phase: During this phase, Google should set up the markets, encourage participation and rigorously test if prediction markets lead to better decisions. There should be a control sample of managers who are not given access to prediction markets in any way and a test sample who are encouraged to refer to prediction markets (although the final decision would remain in the hands of the manager). The final decisions and the actual result should be tracked.

An Annotated Bibliography Niccolo Machiavelli Politics Essay

An Annotated Bibliography Niccolo Machiavelli Politics Essay 1. Colish, Marcia L., â€Å"The Idea of Liberty in Machiavelli,† Journal of the History of Ideas 32 (1971):323-50 According to Colish it is incorrect to interpret Machiavelli as immoralist and the defender of the state arbitrariness. Formulating rules of political success, he at the same time establishes moral frameworks of political activity. He clearly shows that the policy considering certain moral restrictions can be really successful. It is a special sort of restriction: their unique appointment to subordinate will of a The Prince to well-being and power of the state and to make so that he aspired not to own, and to general welfare and cared not of the successors. 2. Fiore, Silvia Ruffo, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli: An Annotated Bibliography of Modern Criticism and Scholarship, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990 Those studying Niccolo Machiavelli has developed the directory where many works have entered, books, Renaissance articles which has deeply affected developm ent of modern thought. A necessary source for researches of scientists and critics. There are many useful works of different time period. 3. Gilbert, Felix, â€Å"The Humanist Conception of the Prince and The Prince of Machiavelli,† Journal of Modern History 11 (1939): 449-83 â€Å"The Prince†, at least, explicit, is the tyranny encyclopedia where to the future tyrant almost divine mission of long-awaited clearing of Italy is attributed, and  «Reasonings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ » – the manifesto republicy and a panegyric of democracy which is repeatedly proclaimed the absolute kind of a state system. And if contest of such treatment  «Reasonings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ » demands known sophistical refinement the register research (and it is equal also amateurish) the opinions ever expressing the original maintenance of â€Å"The Prince†, will combine theses so dissimilar that it becomes difficult to believe as if their authors indeed expressed the same product. Th e first condemnation Machiavelli as advocate of the tyranny, aspiring to catch Medici’s arrangement, suppressors of Florentine freedom, have sounded at once after an exit of â€Å"The Prince† to the public. 4. John M. Najemy, The Cambridge Companion to Machiavelli, Cambridge University Press, 2010 Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) is the most known and disputable person in the politician of an epoch of the Renaissance. Cambridge Partner Machiavelli opens sixteen original essays which have been developed by known critics, tell about his life, career on a post of the politician in the government, his reaction to drama changes which mentioned Florence and Italy in his whole life, his thought, sights at development, and corruption of republics and princedoms, class disagreements, religious discrepancies, and dialogue Concerning Renaissance with olden time. Machiavelli after long disputes and various opinions recognised as the great figure of the epoch who has supported usual human wisdom. 5 Jusim M. A. Ethics of Machiavelli. à Ã…“, 1990. Differently, the morals are interpreted by it as one of state mechanisms. According to M.A.Jusim the state and morals in concept Machiavelli is mono-ordered, and â€Å"historically and logically the state and morals have the general origin†. With it, taking into consideration as description Machiavelli of an origin of morals and the state, and its instructions that thanking the state to the established laws in the people kind customs are supported, it would be possible to agree, – if not definition Machiavelli of good and harm through the relation to political authority. However, in this respect it is impossible to recognize sights Machiavelli absolutely clear. Both in â€Å"The Prince† and in â€Å"Reasoning† he repeatedly specifies in national morals as the state system factor on certain type, as a source of a fortress and well-being of the state.

Functional and non-functional requirements in Software development Essay

Functional and non-functional requirements in Software development - Essay Example This involves the set of actions that clarify what exactly a particular system has to do. On the other hand, non-functional requirements engross the system constraints that define how it will do the functional requirements. It acts as a criterion for elaborating the performance of a particular system (Yang, 2010). The functional and non-functional requirements of any system always have a huge effect on the development life cycle. To be precise, all through the development life cycle of a system, functional requirements as the main subject of concern in each phase (Mishra & Mohanty, 2012). Right from the first phase, requirements analysis, to, maintenance phase, functional requirements act as the basis for each phase. That is, each phase, must ensure that the predefined functional requirements satisfy what the user is expected to get from the system. In this sense, functional requirements always define the amount of time to be spent in the system development life cycle (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2012). A crucial example of functional requirements is, adding a new order into a web-based order entry system. This functionality requires a number of key attributes to be defined and they include, order name, its identification, time it was processed among others as stipulated in the requirements analysis phase. Therefore, as soon as this functional requirement is defined, then, throughout the development life cycle the developer must ensure that its features are perfectly satisfied until a final output product is delivered (Milanovic, 2011). One of the major non-functional requirements is efficiency. As stipulated earlier, non-functional requirements include the constraints that will elaborate how a system is to meet the pre defined functional requirements. To the development life cycle, efficiency depends on the outputs of the functional requirements. In this sense, non-functional requirements have very little effect

English 3 literature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English 3 literature - Assignment Example Second definition by Lincoln perceives the literature as a cultural tradition. Lastly, the third perception defines the literature as a bicultural mixture of traditions rather than as bloodline and culture. However, most of all American oral literature authors revolve around a common ground. This is because, in almost all cases the writers attempt to describe how life was then by revisiting their dead ancestor’s old way of living, stories, songs, personal experience and the existing land marks. Additionally, the content and styles of writing portrays great similarities (Ortiz, Tapahonso, and Marmon 4). For instance, the content can only be derived from stories and songs while the most common style of writing is poetry. This makes it possible to describe Native American oral literature in one sentence. Native American oral literature is an exploration of cultural and historical literary work that ever existed in the aim of indentifying Americans identity and origin, as well as, the literatures influence on the current contemporary

Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflection - Assignment Example The UAE establishes new economic and political partnerships with other world countries creating a new appealing image of the country. This new role brings challenges to people in the UAE; they face the need to learn more about other people to understand them and make their communication effective. People cannot exist separately from their culture. The definition of culture is complex because it is derived from the context. Generally, culture is often related to separate dimensions of human life like legal sphere or personal communication. When 2 or more cultures exist in one community, they experience conflict caused by fundamental differences in their world views. If people do not have any knowledge about other culture, they can easily aggravate this conflict. On the other hand, cultural awareness let different people find a common ground. One more challenge is represented by language differences; people who do not know local language are automatically treated worse than locals. Despite these negative effects, cultural diversity changes the UAE to the better. People have more opportunities to communicate with foreigners and get some practical tips about cross-cultural communication. People who travel to the UAE and come to work there are obliged to learn more about local culture and people. People become more understanding and attentive to each other. I have seen many web resources which are related to explaining the UAE culture and eti1uette to foreigners. Moreover, people become less superstitious about the UAE and Islam when they learn about them in detail. When my grandfather was young, the country was totally different. It is even difficult to compare my world with his recollections. Old traditions still exist in the UAE society but they become more liberal under the influence of other cultures. Now he cannot be flexible enough to understand all the changes which happen every

Legal terminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal terminology - Essay Example Especially bad were the members of a gang called â€Å"The Big Bad Wolves,† each individual member known as a â€Å"Wolf.† So Red felt it was very foreseeable for trouble to come her way. One member of the Wolves used deceit to set up a scenario where he could trick Red out of her money. On that occasion this Wolf told Red that his mother was ill in another state and he needed money to go see her. However, Red knew the Wolf’s background and knew his mother was dead. Therefore, this amounted to fraud. Red thought such people were just mean per se, inter alia. Another Wolf once falsely claimed he was a police officer and tried to handcuff and block Red’s way in the forest. This amounted to the torts of false arrest and false imprisonment. Worse, yet, this tortfeasor Wolf later claimed in a letter to a newspaper and to all who would listen that it was Red who impersonated a police officer and not the other way around as was the truth. Red knew the letter was libel and the oral statements slander. This same lowlife Wolf once tried to sue a doctor for malpractice who stopped to help him when he was injured. Luckily, the Good Samaritan Statute protected the doctor and the lowlife Wolf lost that lawsuit. While these are not willful torts like battery, this was pretty bad behavior on the part of this Wolf fellow and it was prudent of Red to be cautious. So, Red finally reached her grandma’s house. Inside, however, were three Wolves surrounding grandma and her servant Millie. Millie helped grandma with her chores such as laundry and shopping. The three Wolves were up to no good. One Wolf was on his I-Pod conjuring up scams which amounted to a cybertort. Another Wolf was lighting up firecrackers and throwing them out the window. This constituted a nuisance to grandma’s neighbors. The third Wolf held a large tree log over grandma and kept saying he was going to beat her with it. This amounted to an assault. Thereafter, grandma and Red

Initial public offering (federal express) session long project module Essay

Initial public offering (federal express) session long project module 1 - Essay Example The main reason for choosing this company is to due to the size and extent of the company. The company operates worldwide which provides a vaster and larger possibility to learn about the company and the various developments that it entails. The other reasons why this company has been chosen include the fact that the company holds a major share in the market, and the company has developed its business to such a great extent that it is recognized worldwide. FedEx not only provides express delivery business but also provides small package ground delivery as well. The company also provides a wide range of document related as well other business services. One other reason to choose this company is the type of IPO that they used. The company went in for an IPO to become public and to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange. This makes it a better company to study and allows a more focused view on how the company expands and improves the overall business. An initial public offering plays a major role in every business. In the case of FedEx, the company had its IPO on 12th April 1978 and the share price was $24 per share. The company has been trading on the NYSE since 28th December 1978 and uses the symbol of FDX. The company went in for a public offering in 1978 to raise enough capital and to also be listed in the New York Stock Exchange. The company used the IPO to set up the stock price. In 1978 when the company decided to go public, they used the IPO to distribute the shares of the company to public. Here once FedEx registered with the SEC, the company worked with investment banks to sign the contract and to be able to sell the shares of the company (Stock Market Investors, 2010). The contractors would need to provide an agreement which shows that they agree to underwrite the distribution of the shares (Chechile, 2004). Once the two parties had

Diversity in Organiza Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diversity in Organiza - Term Paper Example Google has been a forerunner in encouraging diversity of thoughts and creativity that has led to the increasing use of its services by the customers. Google: Diversity of thought and creativity Google is a multinational company of US that provides internet related services to its customers all over the world. The company provides services in the areas of internet search activities, online software products, cloud computing and online advertising technologies. The online services provided by Google are with the help of a virtual communication medium that has attained increasing acceptance among the users all over the world. The overwhelming success of Google has been achieved with the help of innovation and creativity. Google has realized that the target group of customers of the company arte tech-savvy and therefore has the intellect to look forward to changes that would drive the process efficiency and profitability of any activity in real life as well as in the virtual platform. Mo reover the online mode of services to the users may be monotonous in absence of any changes in way in which online services are being offered or in the presentation of the web pages of Google. Instead of going by the dominant logic, Google has loved its rebels and encouraged those employees to provide new ideas and initiatives that would open up unexplored opportunities in the field on cloud computing services, search engines, web accounts, and online mode of technologies, online software, etc. The diversity of thought and creativity encouraged by Google is the source of innovation that has led to the uniqueness of the company in establishing a competitive advantage over its competitors like, Yahoo. Google encouraging the rebel minds: challenging the dominant logic In order to provide a wide range of services containing innovative characteristic features or a new refreshing look, Google has strategically adopted the policy of encouraging innovative ideas from the rebels who challeng e the dominant logic of the business processes. The innovative ideas from the employees are important and valuable inputs for the company that could be used for attracting the users of their online services. The new ideas provide the companies to develop cutting edge solutions which are unparallel to their competitors. The employees who challenge the dominant are viewed as assets by the organization as they are the source of innovative developments by the organization. Google believes that the dominant logic in the business is applied across the industry and has common features for the online services offered by all the companies through the virtual mode of business. The challenge of the dominant logic could only be initiated when the employees have in depth knowledge and experience to test the applications which are slightly different from the common practices at the same time fulfilled the goals of the organization. The encouragement of diversity and creativity enhances the knowle dge of the workforce of the company as it leads to health exchange of ideas and thoughts for process improvement and customer service delivery. Rationale behind strategy of encouraging diversity of thought The rationale behind the strategy of encouragement of the diversity of thoughts and creativity by Google could be described as follows. The entire world is undergoing a

Visualize Poetry Essay Example for Free

Visualize Poetry Essay Through the ages of poetry, many poets have been making images with the expressions that they use to become leaders in creating the art of language. Several authors of the poems that we study daily use personification to make animals and objects do things that people do everyday to give the poem a twist. Poets also use imagery to give their readers a good portrait of what they are trying to describe. â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway† by May Swenson and â€Å"Once by the Ocean† by Robert Frost include these two terms. These poems, â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway† and â€Å"Once by the Ocean† are similar to each other in certain poetic descriptions, but they also have some that are unlike. One way these two poems are similar to each other is where the author uses many choices of poetic terms to get his audience’s attention. First, personification is found abundantly throughout each poem. For example, Swenson’s poem uses the personification like â€Å"Their feet are round and roll† (7) and â€Å"They have four eyes. The two in the back are red† (11, 12). As well in the Frost’s poem includes personification such as â€Å"The clouds were low and hairy in the skies† (5) and â€Å"Like locks blown forward in the gleam of eyes† (6). Those descriptions are very interesting and grab the reader’s attention. In addition to personification in these poems, there is imagery in â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway† and â€Å"Once by the Pacific† also. Swenson uses imagery such as â€Å"They have four eyes. The two in the back are red† (11, 12) and â€Å"Sometimes you can see a five-eyed one with a red eye turning on the top of his head† (13). Frost also uses imagery like â€Å"Great waves looked over others coming in† (2). As you see these poems are both similar by both using figurative language. Next, a second similarity in these poems is how they chose to write these with patterns. First, alliteration is a key term they used in writing these poems. In â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway†, Swenson use alliteration such as â€Å"Those soft shapes, shadowy inside the hard bodies† (23). In â€Å"Once by the Pacific†, Frost uses it in â€Å"The shore was lucky being backed by cliff, the cliff in being backed by continent† (8, 9). Secondly, assonance is another pattern similarity between these great poems. In â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway†, Swenson uses assonance in the following line â€Å"Sometimes you can see a five-eyed one, with a red eye turning† (13). In â€Å"Once by the Pacific†, Frost uses assonance in the following â€Å"Great waves over others coming in† (2). As you see in both of these poems, the epic poets used a great amount of sound patterns. While these poems both have many similarities, they also have a couple of differences hidden beneath them. First, the rhyme scheme is unlike each other. In Swenson’s poem, there is not any rhyme scheme included, but in Frost’s poem, the rhyme scheme is very noticeable and catchy. These are the first three rhymes. â€Å"The shattered water made a misty din. Great waves looked over others coming in, and thought of doing something to the shore That water never did to land before. The clouds were low and hairy in the skies, Like locks blown forward in the gleam of eyes† (1-6). The second difference is how the speaker’s tone is different. In â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway†, the author’s tone is slow and somewhat careless. In â€Å"Once by the Pacific†, Swenson’s tone is intense and fierce that keeps that readers attention. This shows how Swenson’s poem keeps the author’s attention longer. In these ways, â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway† and â€Å"Once by the Ocean† are very diverse. In conclusion, these poems, â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway† and â€Å"Once by the Ocean† are similar to each other in certain poetic descriptions, but they still have some terms that are unlike. After studying these two poems, it is far easier to find the poetic terms. In the future, readers of these poems should be ready for finding multiple poetic terms and differences of â€Å"Southbound on the Freeway† and â€Å"Once by the Ocean†.

Process of natural and sexual selection

Process of natural and sexual selection Explain, with examples, how the process of natural selection and sexual selection are thought to have contributed to modern-day behaviour.â€Å"Evolution: The gradual process by which species develop from earlier forms† (Clegg, 2007, p 107). For thousands of years lay people have argued about how the world has evolved. For example, did it evolve from god or some other supernatural source? Evolution is a miraculous process and refers to the fabrication and development of life on earth and establishes the formation of modern man. The two major processes of evolution will be explained in this essay: natural selection and sexual selection. Furthermore, examining how and why these processes have contributed to modern- day human behaviour. In 1858, British naturalist Charles R. Darwin finished his theory of evolution, also known as Darwins theory. Darwins theory states that all species evolved from either many or few common ancestors or descendants under circumstances of natural selection. A species is a population of organisms that reproduce and have offspring that have modifications from the species that lived before them. Natural selection is a process that is based on three assumptions. Firstly, organisms, â€Å"physical and behavioural characteristics which enable survival (and the genes which code for these) are passed onto descendants† (Clegg, 2007, p 121). Secondly, the modification is then acquired through the genes. Furthermore, thirdly the limitation of food for each species, competition is formed in which all livings beings must compete for the supply of food, water, space, and other resources. Individual plants and animals whose adaptations of suited best for a certain environment tend to have an advantage in the competition for survival. Species with this advantage tend to leave a larger number of offspring than the less fortunate species. As a result, the species that is best adapted to its environment increases from generation to generation. Organisms struggle for the necessities of life if there is competition for resources. The species that is best adapted to survive will succeed and others become extinct. The term â€Å"fitness† (Clegg, 2007, p 121)refers to certain characteristics being successful within their environment and being passed down to each generation, but the conditions for the reproduction must be correct. It is measured by reproductive success. Adaption is the result of the process of natural selection. Adaptions are the behaviours that have been acquired through evolutionary processes to ensure their survival in this generation and to every generation after them. Inherited characteristics of an organism also occur through adaption. Individual human behaviour is genetically predisposed or influenced by environmental factors such as personal experiences and culture. Adaption has contributed to many modern day behaviours. For example, in western society humans, â€Å"have pleasure in eating sweet and fatty foods† (Clegg, 2007, p 123). These types of food are often high in calories and often undigested sugar turns to fat when not exercising. In the generations before the behaviour of modern society, these types of food would enable the fittest to survive. Hereditary traits cause some people to behave and respond differently from one another. For example, and individual who has high temperament. This trait of being high tempered is very difficult to remove from a persons behaviour since this is already incorporated in the genes from conception. A person who has a high and fast learning ability could respond immediately to situations and instructions, hence attainment of the goal is made easy. Baron-Cohen argued that, â€Å"Theory of mind, is of central importance of modern human behaviour† (as cited in Clegg, 2007, p 133). It involves the ability to understand the thoughts and intentions of others. Theory of mind is innate, something that has evolved in humans. In children with autism, they lack theory of mind empirical investigations such as the Maxi test prove this (Clegg, 2007, p 136). Autism is a quite recent discovery. It is argued that genetic mutations are responsible for this (Rudy, 2009) although mutations serve no purpose in evolution. However, if it were to be advantageous to modern day human behaviour and the evolution of mankind more cases will be discovered and autism will evolve. Sexual Selection is a theory proposed by Charles Darwin. Darwin felt natural selection alone was unable to explain the non-competitive adaptions, for example the tail of a peacock (Wikipedia, 2007). The mechanism attempts to explain that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by inherited behavioural and psychsical charecteristics. There are two contests known as intrasexual and intersexual selection. Intrasexual selection involves males passing on competitveness through there genes, for example large antlers. Wheras, intersexual selection involves either sex choosing a partner that has a inherited charactersitc for example intelligence. The beard of the modern day male is a result of sexual selection. Other differences in the modern day man include different races. Sexual selection would account for thease because natural selection could not account for this (Wikipedia, 2007). Parental investmet is a term that was originated by Trivers (Clegg, 2007). It means that the male or female that invests the most in their offspring to ensure their survival. Trivers argued that the sex that invests the most in their offspring will be more selective when choosing their partner. Males tend to be with many females where as females look for quality when choosing a partner. Buss argues that this theory has contributed to modern day behaviour today. For exmple, women who prefer rich men and have a good job and career can provide excellent investment for their offspring. On the other hand men prefer beautiful young women who are the best investment for their offspring (Dubuc, 2007). The brain, is an important factor in sexual slection. The social brain hypothesis argues that in order to solve difficualt social problems the brain gets bigger (Clegg, 2007). The modern day human brain is bigger than that of the prehistoric ape, 3 times bigger, suggesting that there are advantages to having a bigger brain (Clegg, 2007). Evolutionary adaption suggests that humans have evolved the way they have and, humans brains have evolved to be bigger than their ancestors because of the need to deal with more complex social situations and complex societies. In conclusion, natural selection tends to focus on the degree of adaption and mutation for survival. Whereas sexual selection is more concerned with the mate choice and how sexually desired traits have in fact speeded up the process of how humans have evolved. Both processes have contributed to modern day behaviour and both processes prove Darwins phrase that â€Å"only the fittest survive†. References Clegg, H. (2007). Evolutionary Psychology. In D. Miell, A. Pheonix, K. Thomas (Eds.), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed., pp.105-166). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Dubuc, B. (2002) Tool Module: Sexual Selection and the Theory of Parental Investment Retrieved November 1st 2009 from http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/capsules/outil_bleu11.html Rudy, L. J. (2009). Genetic autism and spontaneous mutation. Retrieved November 8th 2009 from http://autism.about.com/od/causesofautism/a/newmutations.htm Wikipedia (2007) Sexual Selection. Retrieved November 1st 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_selection

Antiterrorism Policy Essay -- Government Intervention, Global Issues

Does being peaceful and showing goodwill in the state indicate terrorists have the license to work at their freewill?? Indeed it does!! Soft policies against terrorists will definitely create a lot of positive headlines but at the same time it puts to stake the survival and security of its people and primarily disturbs the government's commitment towards preserving national interests. The Mumbai terror attacks of 11/26 shook India and stunned the world, clearly revealing huge chinks in the country's anti-terror armor. A year later, the sole surviving terrorist captured by authorities, Mohammad Ajmal Kasab is given the right to seek freedom before the courts of law, the masterminds of the deadly assault are free and the country harboring these terrorists- Pakistan, is probably laughing at our weakness, dismissing us as a state whose outrage is easily calmed by tokenism. Our leaders say, war is not the only way to assert one's strength, dialogue with Pakistan is the best recourse given the volatile situation in the country. But, isn't this 'anti-confrontation' policy responsible for India's failure to check terrorism? Isn't India a soft state? India, being a secular democratic state has always faced difficulties in maintaining its integrity every now and then. But the unity amongst people and the prevailing brotherhood among countrymen have kept as intact despite being the most diversified country in the world. We are renowned to be kindhearted and generous towards others. We like our friends and love our enemies. Call it Gandhigiri or national ethics, compared to other nations, people in our country are not outrageous or rebellious when it comes to "International Relations" (only when it comes to international r... ...etic condition of the poor find higher priority. It is difficult to turn away from the harsh reality-high population, illiteracy, unemployment, social marginalization, poverty, highly appalling condition of public health and much more make our country weak. We need to track these issues right to their ancestral roots in order to come up with a permanent remedy. Sooner the headship realizes this, the better for the nation. On the track to betterment there is no gray, it's black or white, yes or no. There is no scope for a counterfeit policy. We can no longer put to stake our successful trail by swaying into mediocre sources of insinuation. Hence it becomes highly important for the Government to stand up to such situations in future and demonstrate the right mix of power and bargaining strength to neutralise the antagonist and avoid becoming a soft state.

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

A Closer look at Ibsens A Dolls House "Everything is relative" or so the flippant motto of the post-modern generation would say. Interestingly enough, this aphorism is brilliantly applied by Henrik Ibsen to enhance his characters in the acclaimed drama, A Doll’s House. Often, we see things relative to their surroundings, and as the contrast between objects heighten, each becomes more visible. Within the first act of A Doll’s House, we encounter Christine Linde, a childhood friend of the main character, Nora, and Dr. Rank, a friend of the family. Ibsen paints distinctive pictures of both Christine and Rank as individuals, and, having established them with the audience uses them as contrasts, or foils, for Nora and Torvald. Ibsen develops both Christine and Dr. Rank as individual characters and significant elements of the plot. Christine, left destitute by an unloving marriage, reflects a sense of endurance. She is enduring, wizened, and searching for a new beginning. Whereas Nora is girlish and petty, Christine is wise and observant. Commenting on Krogstad: "Still I think it is the sick who need taking care of" (p. 17) she shows her heartfelt concern for others. Christine is discerning, intelligent, and kind. Her amour-propre is based entirely on interactions with other people. Her livelihood is derived from being useful to others. Dr. Rank is jovial, but insightful, kind, but tainted. While at first glance he is a family friend, he is also in love with N...

Security of the United States Essay -- Argumentative Terrorist 9/11

Security of the United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the last several years the United States has suffered several losses and devastating events. Most of these could have and should have been at a minimal level if the government would have done its job correctly. Terrorist attacks on the United States have shown the rest of the world our weakness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a recent newspaper article there was information that the governmental agencies that are supposed to provide the top security for the nation have failed. Several years before the September 11th attacks the CIA and the FBI received intelligence reports of terrorist plans to attack the United States. Even with these reports the government did not take the threats serious. Some reports stated that the terrorist planned on using airplanes and striking targets in New York and Washington. At one time the director of central intelligence issued a ?declaration of war? on AL Queda, a terrorist organization. This statement was only circulated through the security agencies of the United States. After the September 11th attacks several FBI and other agency employees were asked about the memo and most had no idea it had ever been issued.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this few years, the United States had only the minimal number of analysts on the terrorist organizations. On September 10th they intercepted two cripted communications that the following day was the big day. The agencies did not translate the messages until the day after the attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wh...

What is The Effect of Sociological Factors to Artist Life

A French philosopher and writer, Pierre Bourdieu ( Bourdieu et al. 1990) claims that sociological factors such as education, family background, cultural development of an individual as well as one†s belonging to a specific social class, plays a vital part in interpretation and participation in the Arts. In order to evaluate this argument and make any logical conclusions, it must therefore be examined through evidence which in this case will be referring to an Australian artist, Robert Klippel. Every artist†s career has a ‘shape† or a development which tends to be greatly affected by sociological factors which influence the life of that artist†. (Hughes 1964: 2). Robert Klippel†s career ‘shape† was also a subject to formation which was promoted by factors such as education, family upbringing and background as well as the outer and inner environments which affected the life development of the artist. It is thus essential to consider these factors as they influenced and formatted Klippel†s artistic vocation and career. Robert Klippel was born in Sydney, 19 of June 1920, in a middle class family and became the econd in a family of three sons. His father had emigrated from Poland in 1904 and ran a successful business importing and distributing clothing and textiles. His mother, of English background, had been brought up in ‘English fashion†, educated well and expected to devote herself to marriage and the family. Klippel†s father attended university where he studied philosophy and took an Art theory course. During university years, he developed an interest in the Arts. From time to time he would visit an Art gallery or buy an expensive classical painting. Robert Klippel†s, mother had a passion for classical music and would often visit the opera. However, at that time Robert Klippel had little interest in education in the Arts and was not affected by the artistic family environment around him. Although, Klippel†s parents were educated well, Robert Klippel and his brothers were not encouraged to learn or participate in the arts as Klippel†s parents thought that their children should go ‘their own ways†, it could even be said that they were brought up by the ‘a light hand†- always given opportunities to make their own choices and decisions in life. When referring back to Bourdieu and his argument, it could be argued that even though Klippel†s parents were educated well and may have had a reasonable understanding of the arts, they would not be one â€Å"of refined classification† and certainly would â€Å"lack a mastered degree of artistic competence†(Bourdieu et al. 1990:42) as they could not fully value the importance of education and pass on to their children. However this idea may not apply in this case, as Robert Klippel himself was not affected by his family†s level of education and from the yearly years led an independent lifestyle. Particularly during his youth, Klippel had little interest in any sort of education and with little direction from his parents, he preferred to work on the mill, spent little time doing his school work and became used to fail many examinations. At one time, Klippel even thought that his life was doomed to be a ‘failure†. Klippel†s family was quite financially stable and all the three sons attended secondary school including Klippel himself, who had a careless approach towards education and found that it was not for him. In fact he did not receive any art education or learn much of what he later became interested in. He describes his school years being: ‘uneventful and a waste of time†(Gleeson 1983 :4). However it was during his early schoo years that Klipple developed a passion for sculpture. Robert Klippel†s early life was mostly spent around Sydney Harbour where lived and first became fascinated with ships and boat models. As a young boy, Klippel began making miniature model ships that he often saw on the harbour or in books. An obsessive commitment to model making lasted almost eighteen years which later led to becoming a sculptor. Klippel entered the navy during WWII, where he obtained a job as a model maker. Between 1943 and 1945 he produced many military vessels and aircraft models. The skills developed during this period were vital for Klippel as a sculptor; â€Å"he gained knowledge of volume, mass, proportion and structural detail†(Scarlett 1980: 9). Above all, he acquired a strong desire to find out how things worked which further helped him with his creative process. Klippel obtained some practical skills to be used in his artworks but when referring back to Bourdieu, he had no knowledge of ‘artistic principles† or understanding of theoretical Arts and thus had no ‘means of appropriating works of art†. This also reflected that Klippel had a lack of artistic ideas and inspirations to produce his works although he had a strong desire to make sculptures. â€Å"At twenty-four Klippel was still largely unconcerned with the difference between art and craft: he simply did not care about it and had never visited a gallery†(Hughes 1964:12) Klippel was not exposed to any higher education and he finished high-school with poor grades as he spent most of the time working with wool. He took a wool classing course in 1937 with the support of his father who thought that Klippel would be working with wool as he did not see any other pportunities for his son. However, Klippel himself decided to no longer work with wool and to devote more time to his sculptures as he discovered his passion for Art. The year of 1943 became a turning point for Klippel, as he met a friend Pam Broad, who was a poet and an intellectual, and encouraged Klippel to take up a wood-carving course which taught him how to develop his own designs and models. Pam Broad was appreciative of Klippel†s skill but criticised his lack of originality and knowledge of art. Klippel realised that in order to become a sculptor he would eed to have certain knowledge of the Arts and Pam Broad introduced him to literature, poetry and art as abstract, which Klippel became later involved in. Robert Klippel gradually began to gain artistic appreciation and knowledge of Art and he also found the critical difference between art and craft. Klippel realised that he could now interpret and produce artworks and meanings in ways that before were unknown to him and as Bourdieu states: â€Å"interpretation†¦ is always constituted by the learning ability †¦ in other words discovering meaning using our literary knowledge† (Bourdieu et al. 1990). Klippel put aside his models and began to read and study art books to gain knowledge about art. Pam Broad introduced him to the work of Brzeska, and he read books on Henry Moore and Roger Fly; â€Å"The intellectual discovery of art as a creative pursuit awakened a passion he hardly knew existed†(Watters Gallery 1970:3). By 1945 Klippel has decided that art would be his vocation and that he would become a sculptor. In 1946 he enrolled full time at the East Sydney Technical College to study antique drawing, life modelling and sculpture. During this time Klippel became inspired by nature which became a source of ideas for the sculptor and he noted n his diary that: â€Å"Thinking a lot about nature and its workings, I believe and artist should, when creating, undergo a similar process which occurs when nature creates†(Gleeson1983:4). Although not having received ‘complete† education, Robert Klippel was able to use his skills to produce his models and he found that the knowledge he received himself and with the help of others was extremely useful for his art creation. Referring back to Bourdiue, who stressed the importance of learning and defined the idea of education as â€Å"having a complex code†, which refers to sophistication and ability to distinguish a ork of art in a more refined way, it could be noted that Klippel has gradually achieved this ability through self-education and continuos learning throughout his career. However here the theory of sophistication, family education could not apply as Klippel did not achieve high level of education and obtained valuable qualifications but instead gained self-knowledge which was not perhaps one of ‘fine refinement† but which provided him with a stable base to develop his career. It could be considered that Bourdieu†s theory of education does apply to those with a enuine interest in the Arts and to those who wish to gain precise knowledge of the Arts. Klippel himself realised that his self-discovery of new visions and ideas as well as artistic knowledge helped him with his artistic development. Klippel further developed an interest in abstract art and decided to move to London where he commenced his studies at Slade School of Art. Here he developed his skills as a draftsman, â€Å"which he felt were sorely lacking† (Sturgeon 1978:15). For six months at the Slade School Klippel led a double life. On one hand, he did his formal studies, which he â€Å"hated and found rrelevant† (Scarlett 1980:6), on the other hand, he pursued an independent self-development course in which he concentrated on studying abstract art derived from nature. Learning in Klippel†s opinion was not always a constant necessity and brought use to his work, unlike Bourdieu claims that learning at school and university is essential to develop not only the knowledge but also have access to ‘appropriate culture†. Klippel disregarded culture and education as a means of achieving success but to him art was about self-expression combined with the required artistic knowledge. In 1945 Klippel has constructed the largest and most important of his sculptures and since then he decided to work alone and to no longer have a formal education. An Australian surrealist painter, James Gleeson became a vital individual who influenced Klippel†s career development, he encouraged Klippel to leave Slade School and to work on his own. Gleeson introduced Klippel to surrealism and organised Klippel†s first exhibition in London which they shared together. Klippel found that he had developed an obsession to make art that stemmed from his own life and reflected the world around him as he wrote: â€Å"The artist can show a new world, if he ees and feels enough†( Hughes1964:9). During this period Klippel became financially unstable as the support coming from his father was at an end, as Klippel†s father strongly believed that his children should be able to support themselves in their adult life. Klippel went through a particularly difficult psychological period feeling unstable both emotionally and financially when he could not sell any of his sculptures. Klippel†s works were often rejected as they often classified as ‘self-reflection works† which often reflected the emotional and problematic side of the artist. Klippel was also under pressure from his family, particularly his brothers who had a successful wool business and who financially aided Klippel as he could not provide for himself. Klippel travelled to Paris in hope of selling his works and spent a few months there creating more sculptures relating to nature. He found a studio where he worked and was able to diverse the scope of his ideas so that his works would have a wider meaning and perhaps more people could find appreciation in his works. While living in Paris, Robert Klippel married an American artist, Nina Mermey and decided to travel to New York with her, which he later realised was wasted time† as he could not find any workshops or studios to work in. Again here he was bound to make money on his work but not having achieved that Klippel returned to Sydney. Klippel†s path here was now open to any direction and James Gleeson introduced him to a more comprehensive surrealism which Klippel wished to explore. He re-married in Sydney and in 1966 he established his first workshop. For the first time, his works became appreciated by a large number of artists and art critics. The financial situation became better as some of Klippel†s sculptures were sold. With James Gleeson, another exhibition was held which presented painted landscape by Gleeson occupied by Klippel†s metal objects, it achieved a wide recognition by many fellow artists and the public for the first time. Robert Klippel had many more exhibitions and finally achieved the success he has been striving for since youth. However when looking back at Bourdieu and his theories, it is worth to consider the effect class and position in society had on the artists overall recognition. Bourdieu associates upper class as having â€Å"good taste† as those from higher classes usually relate themselves with an academic institution† and may relate to the Arts, rather then those from lower classes tend to have little or no understanding of Art and in conclusion have no taste, he also relates class to culture, the higher the class the more cultured an individual could be. This view can partially describe Robert Klippel†s life as he comes from a well educated and culturally developed family but not belonging to an ‘academic institution† as described by Bourdieu. Klippel was fairly distant from any art education during his youth and did not attend university while he did poorly at school. Perhaps the lack of direction from his parents and lack of his desire for education resulted in some instability experienced later in his life. Perhaps as a result of that, Klippel had trouble finding a place in the society as an artist as he often felt ‘out of place† with his artistic ideas which for a long period of time received no appreciation. According to Bourdieu, Klippel†s art and his life would be a result of his family social position and cultural atmosphere as well as his own academic achievements. It could be agreed that these factors have had an influence on the artist†s life to some extent. Klippel had few minor cademic achievements compared to his brothers and mostly spent time doing agricultural work. Klippel†s parents exposed their children to art and classical music as they thought that right cultural upbringing was essential to achieve social recognition and success, however, they saw that Robert Klippel had little interest in education and had no hope for him to achieve any academic success, so they allowed him to work on the mill and later with wool. This family upbringing affected Klippel†s life and resulted in his struggle to achieve success and later Klippel himself understood the importance of education and cultural upbringing to achieve Robert Klippel once said that: â€Å"true art arises from inner spiritual necessity and an ability to follow one†s own convictions†. Robert Klippel is known today as one of Australia†s leading assemblage sculptors, he has created an innovative and extensive body of three-dimensional works over a fifty year period. For a long of time, Klippel was not recognised as an artist and he underwent a difficult psychological period throughout the development of his career. However, gradually, Klippel began to understand the influence various sociological factors had on his life. He resumed his studies of Art, tried to market his own works to gain finance and finally became aware of what ‘it takes† to achieve success and recognition. One therefore, after examining the career of the artist, can never wonder as to why so many of Robert Klippel†s works are often a reflection of his own life and his long struggle to overcome the many barriers that he faced as Thus, in conclusion it would be faire to agree with Bourdieu†s views that sociological factors such family background, education, class and social position, have an influence on one†s interpretation and participation in the Arts.

Sappho’s vs. Petrarch on the Body

Physical interaction is possibly the most intuitive emotion we have as a species. Sex and body image are absurdly prominent in todays culture, and have been since the beginning of written history. Sexuality is only a surface desire though. What lies beneath the surface is where a person's true beauty rests. The poets Sappho and Petrarch are two very early writers that often focused on the human body, sexuality, and desire but in different ways. Sapphds body of work is a reaction and praise to the exterior beauty of many individuals.Petrarch's sonnets are a repeated effort to unearth the root of divine beauty. Sapphds poems were more direct and in a relatable way. The way the Greek poet discussed was with words of physical feelings and reactions to emotions. She compared an individual named Anactoria that she desired to the famoud Helen of Troy, whose beauty has been expressed throughout literature for a long, long time. â€Å"†¦ although far away, / whose long-desired footstep, whose radiant, sparkling face / I would rather see before me than the chariots / of Lydia or the armour of men / who fght wars on foot† (Sappho 21).In this passage the Greek poet is longing for Anactoria, whom she once knew. In reminiscing about her Sappho recalls the way she walked, how her skin reacted to the light, and how she feels peaceful when she is around. Sappho is suggesting that one's beauty is partly contained in their body but also partly related to how that body is used. The essence that the woman in her poem 21 exhibits is her true beauty. In one of her poems her feelings for a recently married friend read, â€Å"†¦ and sweat pours down me and a trembling creeps over my whole body†¦ † (Sappho 20).In most of, but especially this poem in particular, Sappho s expressing her bestial, sexual urges. She is not always so lascivious. Often, the poet writes about more tragic subjects. In her poem 33 she describes her â€Å"tender heart† as  "heavy with grief†(Sappho 33). Sappho is suggesting that the absence of one of her ex-lovers is physically weighing her down. She is playing with that feeling of tension in the chest that people tend to have in matters of deep-seated emotions. It is common to read Sappho and notice emphasis on the body in her descriptions of both grief and bliss.Later in her life, Sappho uses the same analogy of her heart to escribe herself as an old woman, â€Å"My heart's grown heavy, my knees will not support me, that once on a time were fleet for the dance as fawns. † It seems that her heart never grew lighter from her younger years, or even grew into a more intense pain. Having access to so many of her works allows scholars to observe a development in the character Sappho. Her subject matter turns from delight in others, slowly to dismay in their absence.What does not seem to change much is her approach of the subject matter. She still materializes her emotions in the form of the p hysical body in her later poems. Petrarch deals with his bodily desires in a different manner. His most famous series of poems are more or less descriptions of a woman Petrarch had much love for and now sne made him teel. This collection is known as the ‘Canzoniere'. Petrarch's sonnets focus more on the emotional side of his desires, while still using his body as a reference for the reader.In a selection from one of his sonnets, Petrarch writes, â€Å"Love found me all disarmed and found the way / was clear to reach my heart down through the eyes / which have become the halls and doors of tears† (Petrarch 3, 9-11). Once again, the heart is used as a catalyst to connect with the reader by communicating the desire the speaker has for this woman's form. Her beauty is so amazing that Petrarch is subdued and begins to cry. Her image shocks him to the point his body too is affected by it.In another passage, â€Å"The way she walked was not the way of mortals but of angelic f orms, and when she spoke more than an earthly voice was that it sang† (Petrarch 90, 9-11). Petrarch puts the woman into a sacred light, comparing her to an immortal. Petrarch's generous praise of this woman, hough unrealistic, is an attempt to explain to the reader the divinity of his beloved Laura's unparalleled beauty. This woman is supposedly the epitome of beauty, or so Petrarch thinks, but what the numerous sonnets written about her are attempt to reveal is that beneath the beauty is only more beauty.Beauty on a level that cannot simply be written into words. Petrarch is suggesting that contrary to the popular belief at the time, a woman or any person's value does not lie in their physical beauty but the beauty of their essence and the purity of their soul. He was truly and deeply n love with this Laura woman and has made history in doing so. â€Å"Under the lovely peace of her tranquil brows / those two faithful stars of mine so sparkle, / that no other light can inflam e and guide / him who consigns himself to love nobly' (Petrarch 160 5-8).In this verse, Petrarch begins to talk about the peace he sees in Laura's eyes, but then refers to those eyes as his own. Is he claiming ownership, or is he suggesting he sees himself? It seems that he is trying to say that following the look of calm he sees in her eyes, and reciprocating that patience, he will eventually be led to a form of pure love. Both writers were making an attempt to get directly to the purest form of their personal infatuations in terms of describing their beauty on paper.Petrarch by poeticizing and connecting with Laura's spiritual and emotional purity while striving to avoid the hang-ups of physical distraction, and Sappho by referring to both her sexual and emotional urges towards her lovers, describing them from the obvious exterior, down to the movement of hips whilst walking. The difference is that what Sappho writes is a result of her pure emotions for these other women, while Pe trarch is striving to get to the roots of the emotion. He is trying to describe the divine spirit and essence of this lovely woman.Some would say this is disturbing behavior, while others see it as an eloquently written offering. He reaches to the core, where human desire draws from. He took what Sappho wrote to the next level. She was writing about how she felt in response to the core of feeling Petrarch tried to uncover. Her words often described her weariness and pain as a means to relate to her readers so they too could share in her agony. Other times what she would say connected to anther emotion most people are aware of. Passages describing sexual onvulsions could be related to be readers who have felt the same.These two early writers either ends of the same problem. Petrarch, trying to find the source of human passion and Sappho describing how that same source of passion excited her, or got the best of her. Either way, these prominent historical fgures were using the body as a way to relate teeling and emotion to the reader. Petrarch, Francesco, and Mark Musa.

Macbeth Apperance vs Reality Essay

The world is governed more by appearances than by realities. Throughout society people are judged based on their appearance. This is unfortunate because appearance can be deceiving. In William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth appearances are not what they seem. Some people may change because they think that their true self does not fit in society while others pretend to be something they are not. In the theme of appearance versus reality Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have an image but as the time passes by their true personalities began to show. Macbeth portrays himself differently from his true inner self. He pretends to be a strong and intelligent person but from inside he is weak and indecisive. When Macbeth first confronts the witches’ prophecies he says, â€Å"Come what may, time and the hour runs through the roughest day† (1. 3. 152-153). Macbeth is leaving his future to ‘chance’. He wants to appear noble and strong but in the end he refutes his statement by killing Duncan and Banquo to get to the throne. Also, when Lady Macbeth explains the plan to Macbeth he asks â€Å"If we should fail? † (1. 7. 59). He is still afraid of the consequences of his actions. His actions look pungent but he does not have any reason to kill Duncan. Macbeth has a debate within himself to murder King Duncan or to spare his life. Macbeth hesitation to kill Duncan proves in realty he is a weak man. Lady Macbeth represents herself as a beautiful and powerful woman in society but she is as weak as her husband Macbeth. To convince Macbeth to follow the plan she says â€Å"I have given suck, and know how tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me. I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn† (1. 7. 54-58). Macbeth asks for her help, but she responds by being harsh to him to keep up her appearances. Even when Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost, instead of helping him, she tells him to go to bed and stop imagining weird things. Lady Macbeth appears heartless toward others. However, one night a gentlewomen and a doctor see her sleep waking and mumbling â€Å"Out, damned spot! Out, I say! † (5. 1. 25). She appears to be wide awake but she is unconsciously revealing her true self. Her guilty conscious leads to her downfall through suicide. In this scene her appearance crumbles. She seemed powerful and unsympathetic, but in reality her guilt of Duncan’s murder driver her crazy proving she has become weak. In Macbeth the theme of appearance versus reality is shown through the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. They both revealed a fictitious picture of their personality even though on the inside they are different people. Macbeth’s indecisive personality leads to his destruction. The iron lady, Lady Macbeth appears to be a tough woman, who feels no guilt. But in the ending she shatters to pieces because of her guilt-ridden conscious. No matter what one appears to be reality will defeat appearance. People can put disguise on reality for time being but in the end truth reveals itself.

Racism and xenophobia Essay

â€Å"Behind any conflict, whether it is in Northern Ireland, the Balkans, Sudan, genocide in Rwanda, apartheid in South Africa, problems in the Middle East between Israel and Palestine, you are sure to find racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia or a related intolerance. Without dealing with this frankly and honestly we cannot ever hope to achieve total respect for human rights† (Vorster, 2002). For centuries, countries have to deal with racial conflict. The growing problem of racial discrimination caught the public attention during the German Nazi campaign to eliminate the Jews during the Second World War. There is more to the idea of cultural preservation that is contained in the element of racism. The Germans find a scapegoat in the Jews as its solution to the country’s internal woes. Self-protection is the primary method being employed in establishing the answers to the questions of the greater population. In an economic crisis, people want solutions to the difficult plight that they are in. The government is just too willing to hand over to them the twisted truth of the matter on hand. The historical accounts that spark the Second World War continue to linger on today. Situations that happen in the Balkans and the Middle East are results of an enduring hatred fueled from Germany’s Nazism. Ethnic conflicts still exist in many parts of the world. But the enduring difficulties in Africa have kept the entire globe glued on the ongoing tussles of violence and instability. Respect for human rights is a thing of the past in the poor continent. People are slaughtered. There is neglect on the value of life. Cultural differences have led the world to useless wars. Individuals have this mindset of protecting their own traditions, beliefs and interests. They view other people outside their clan as serious threats in the continuity of their way of life. â€Å"A somewhat vague psychological concept describing a person’s disposition to fear (or abhor) other persons or groups perceived as outsiders. Xenophobia may have a rational basis to it, such as when it refers to a worker whose job is threatened by the intrusion of migrants whom he labels as outsiders and therefore fears† (Vorster, 2002). To them, anything unfamiliar to their group or tribe appears to eliminate the very existence that they are protecting over the years. Usually people involve in racial encounters are those clusters of transitory migrants. It cannot be denied that seeking greener pastures is always being pursued. Families leave a difficult situation for a brighter future. These people end up in other countries where tolerance for new residents is unacceptable. One good example of racial conflict can be seen in the land of milk and honey. The United States as a melting pot has to undergo the pains of giving birth to a new nation. Different nationalities have shaped America into what it has become today. Still the danger of racial disturbance is due to erupt anytime. American citizens bring with them the legacy of their mother countries. Equip with the culture and traditions which are entirely new to other people can be distressing or disturbing. The British have contrasting beliefs from the Asians and the Arabs. What is acceptable to one can be a threat to the other. The resurgence of foreign population into developing countries has the governments worrying. Organizations and committees protecting the interest of a nation are tasked to protect its citizens from intruders. In discouraging the continued presence of unwanted migrants, people are resorting to violence to end or to dash cold water on the hopes and dreams of visiting nationalities. The only way that resident citizens see as the effective weapon in stopping immigrants is unleashing the threat of bloodshed. Killings are warranted as warning signs for new aliens and incoming foreigners. The continued entry of thousands of immigrants annually will remain a threat to many people. For instance, the wall being constructed to limit the entry of Mexicans into the American borders can be racially motivated. â€Å"The common denominator in racism and ethnicism (or ethnocentrism) is the consciousness of the distinction and tension between us (as the â€Å"in group†) and them (as the â€Å"out group†). With the â€Å"we feeling†, and subsequent solidarity, in one’s group as the standard, a group (whether ethnic, racial or religious) can judge other groups by the standards and values of their own, producing according to Marger a view of one’s own group as superior to others† (Vorster, 2002). Almost always, bloodshed brings a glaring and immediate message of destruction which is so typical of xenophobia. Settlements among conflicts are abrupt and direct to the point. The only problem is lives are being sacrificed. There is no regard for human value if personal interests are at stake. People limit their alternatives to annihilation due to the permanent effect of the action taken. Cultural miscommunication often leads to chaos. Violence is an option rampant in many situations since it is the easiest way to settle conflicts. It puts an end to disagreements permanently at the expense of human lives.

Total Quality Management Survey Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Total Quality Management Survey Paper - Essay Example 3. Effective involvement and utilization of entire staff. 4. Constant and continuous improvement in the business performance. 5. Working through synergy with suppliers. 6. Establishing the performance measures for various areas. In this discussion, we would be analyzing three companies from manufacturing, service and not for profit organizations and would be further analyzing customer driven quality, leadership, employee management and training and measurement, monitoring with analysis for each and every organization. The Organization that I am going to discuss is the Caterpillar, the company was found in 1925 as a result of a merger with Holt Manufacturing Co. and it strived and settled it self because of the lack of competition, they were the pioneers in manufacturing the construction equipments of that time which were also used in the world war I and II effectively. The company is manufacturing seven types of products, but has a list of four hundred products as the seven are the main product types, originally it was formed as a heavy equipment industry and providing services such as construction and agricultural products, including tractors, engineering vehicles, bulldozers, loaders, but it has also diversified now keeping in view its customer's needs and wants, and so it also started making the rough and tough shoes. The company was having the revenue of about US $ 36.339 Billion in the year 2005 and it is currently employing about 77,000 people approximately, the organizational culture that the company is showing is strong enough in terms of services they are providing right now, it was all due to the fierce competition with Komatsu that the company decided to change its culture in 1990s as a result they are having very strong hold in the market, the culture was weak before 1990s as there were so many of the labor strikes and a lot of shutdown processing, but sooner the company identified its weakness and worked on it, one of the biggest reasons of its success is that now the entire union of employees work together and corporate at their level best with the customer as a result the company has achieved excellence, which was otherwise not possible if there wouldn't be any team work or if there was no maximum utilization of the work force they have. The Customers of Caterpillar are usually construction firms and also few contractors having construction business, as no body can buy the Caterpillar products for the personal use, thus all the efforts are directed on the industrial business zone rather than private customers. The customers are viewing Caterpillar a high quality product as the company has produced even the custom made equipments for them, without accepting nonconformance. The features, performance, conformance, reliability, durability, service, response and reputations are the quality dimensions, which have been attracting the customers from a long time. The leadership has played a major part in the survival of Caterpillar Co. No body can expect a company to resist the pressure when the labor turns against it, here the leadership played a vital role for Caterpillar, now the organization has recruited people who are already excelled in their fields and have no complaints against the organization, the employees are bei ng treated as family members and all of these

Aspects and Management of Hazardous Waste Assignment

Aspects and Management of Hazardous Waste - Assignment Example As the discussion highlights  hazardous waste can cause damage if there is improper storage, during transportation, treatment or even in the process of disposal. Improper waste handling can also lead to contamination of surface and ground water supplies. People living near old and abandoned waste disposal sites particularly may be vulnerable to hazards caused by such waste. To remedy existing hazards and reduce cases such as this in the future, most governments closely monitor and regulate practices of hazardous waste management. This report aims at explaining the aspects that relate to handling, managing and transporting hazardous waste as well as how it can be stored such that it does not generate into non- reversible risks to the humans and the environment.  As mentioned in the introduction, hazardous waste is classified according to the chemical, biological and physical properties present. The properties are likely to generate materials that are reactive, toxic, corrosive, ignitable, radioactive or even infectious. Toxic wastes no matter how small traces of it are extremely poisonous. Such waste may have serious effects that lead to death or a violent illness. It may also manifest itself in the human body causing chronic effects that eventually cause irreparable damage. Some of the properties are cancer causing agents that may present after a long period of exposure. Other properties might be mutagenic, in the long run causing observable biological changes in the offspring of exposed humans as well as a nimals.

Training Objective Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Training Objective - Assignment Example The first stage is about trust and mistrust children make distinction between themselves and others. Autonomy versus doubt marks the second stage where children develop firm trust and attempt to explore the next stage is of initiative versus guilt where children exercise initiative inn activities by interaction with other children. Children conjure their imaginations as being wrong and make choices that may not result to guilt. The fourth stage is of inferiority versus industry. Parental influence does not mark limitations to children (Wijeyesinghe 2012). The sense of industry develops and doubt because of lack of encouragement from peers. The watershed stage marks the fifth stage in the Erikson’s model where identity versus identity diffusion is exhibited. There is a representation of childhood and adulthood definition of individuality children seek an integration of internal and external recognition derived from the initial stages thereby developing the sense of self. The la ck of the sense of self leads to identity diffusion. This is preceded by the isolation versus intimacy stage. A command relationship is developed. Lack of the sense of identity may cause emotional stress. ... James Marcia’s view on identity relies on the model developed by Erikson and the way young peel solve crisis through decision-making. Exploration refers tom crisis which may include seek for trust of others. Making conscious decisions require solidifies commitments. In marking the identity of self, the supportive environment must be nourished. Another theory that may be used in the explanation of Student individual identity development is the Checkering’s theory of identity development that includes seven vectors that lead to identity formation. The factors bare direction and magnitude, leading o the name, vectors. The rates of progression through the vectors differed among individuals and do not necessarily proceed linearly. The vector includes developing competence, management of emotions and movement from autonomy to independence. Other vectors include interpersonal relationship maturation, identity establishment, as well as purpose and integrity development. The tea ching must include active learning that sees a positive student-faculty relationship and timely feedback on every activity. There should be an understanding and respect for the learning differences that exists for every individual. Idea integration through active thinking becomes achievable through the strategic cognitive development consideration in teaching (Evans et al. 2010, p. 215). The key bodies of ecological aspects include, human, developmental and campus ecology may be used to explain development. Human ecology highlights n the family and other social structures that maybe altered for survival. Microsystems also have a role in the development process through noting the roles and interpersonal relations

The Role of NGOs in Human Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role of NGOs in Human Security - Essay Example NGO’s work towards various goals and some become defined with their role or field of work (Tadjbakhsh & Chen, 2007). Examples of fields represented by NGO’s include; human rights attainment, environmental sustainment and or improvement of social welfare of individuals within a disadvantaged community. There are different kinds of NGO’s but most NGO’s deal with improving of the quality of life and transforming the society (Thomas, 2007). NGO’s have become synonymous with provision of health care, human rights advocacy, education and economic opportunities to societies. Different NGO’s get involved with different activities, which aim at empowering human life. As NGO’S carry on their work, they in the process play a vital role in enhancing human security (Abbas, 2010). This paper shall seek to explore and explain the various ways through which NGO’s achieve human security in the globe. NGO’s and human rights Various NGOâ₠¬â„¢s such as Amnesty international have always worked for the advocacy of human rights (Matthews, 2011). Human rights NGO’s work towards ensuring that every human being gets equally treated (Welch, 2001). Such NGO’s champion for the rights of minority groups that may get sidelined by their societies or communities. NGO’s partner with various sectors to ensure that the basic rights of individuals get observed. Through their work in human rights advocacy, NGO’s help to enhance the concept of human security. NGO’s mostly advocate for minority groups such as women, AIDS victims and children. Advocacy for human rights by NGO’s helps in providing political, personal and community security to individuals which encompasses human security. NGO’s such as Amnesty international help to incriminate and provide evidence against perpetrators’ of violence against human lives and thus enhance human security. NGO’s and human development A number of NGO’s such as OXFAM Care international and Save the children have worked tirelessly to enhance human development through sectors such as health, education, nutrition and economic platforms. Such NGO’s have worked at providing economic activities for individuals within societies to improve their economic security. In emergency situations such as drought, cyclones, floods, earthquakes, wars; these NGO’s have also provided food to the victims. This has assisted to improve food security in certain regions of the globe (Clay, 2000). NGO’s help to develop projects that are focused at improving the welfare of society members. Projects such as the provision of health services, access to clean water and improved sanitation helps to secure the health of human beings (Brauch, Behra & Mbote, 2009). Some NGO’s also focus on providing educational materials and resources to different human societies. There are NGO’s such as Greenpeace which get committed to conserving and protecting the environment. Such environmental NGO’s advocate for issues on pollution and or global warming (Dodds & Pippard, 2012). In providing environmental, health and food security, NGO’s help to enhance human security. How NGO’s work towards enhancing human security NGO’s get well placed to enhance human security through their undertaking of developmental processes in their respective societies (Shamina and Porter, 2006). NGO’s have become well placed to provide services in many countries around the globe. Infrastructure and expertise

Scandinavia myself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scandinavia myself - Essay Example to around 1700 B.C.E. As history advanced, this area gave birth to the more modern Viking era, 600-700 C.E. that we tend to associate with much of the civilization advances from that region of the world. They were a basically pagan people who began to experience Christianity in 829, but were not released from pagan practices until around the 12th century. There were many internal struggles as well as territorial conquests that kept the Nordic region unstable until around 1300C.E. with the emergence of three distinct kingdoms; Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. ((New World Encyclopedia 2008) Scandinavians today are a peaceful people who generally hold to their traditions and values, while being accepting of new ideas and people. They have a high regard for privacy, tolerance and discretion, while at the same time hold their individual natures with respect. They often occupy peace-keeping roles in NATO and the UN. ((New World Encyclopedia 2008) The official name of Denmark is the Kingdom of Denmark. It is a Constitutional Monarchy with the current Constitution established on June 5, 1953. It has Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of government which oversees 5 regions and 98 municipalities. The Capitol of Denmark is Copenhagen. It has a temperate climate with slightly rolling hills and is situated between Sweden and Norway, above Germany in the Baltic Sea. (U.S. Department of State 2011) The people of Denmark are known as Danes and Danish; population 5,557,709. There are several languages spoken there; Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic, and German, although English is the second most widely spoken language. There are multiple ethnic groups including Inuit, Faroese, Scandinavian, Turkish, Polish, German, Lebanese, Iraqi, Bosnian, Yugoslav, Pakistani, Iranian, Somali, Vietnamese, British and Afghan. Various religions are acknowledged by the regions including† Danish National Evangelical Lutheran, which comprises approximately 81% of the population, Muslims, 4 %, and others such as Protestants, Roman Catholics, Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu communities make up the remaining 15 % of religious faiths in Denmark. (U.S. Department of State 2011) Danes have compulsory education through 9 years, with 100% attendance and a literacy rate of 99%. They have contributed greatly to the arts, literature, music and ballet. Denmark established a Ministry of Cultural Affairs in 1961 to oversee the development of the arts and leisure activities including museums, libraries, theatres and drama groups. (U.S. Department of State 2011) The official name of Sweden is the Kingdom of Sweden. It is a Constitutional Monarchy with the current Constitution coming into effect on January 1, 1975. It has Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches that oversee 21 counties, 18 county councils, 290 municipalities, and 2 regions. The Capitol of Sweden is Stockholm. It has a wide variety of climates from temperate in the south, maritime along the coast, and subarctic in th e north; with mountains, lakes, and lowland areas near the coast. It is located between Norway and Finland. (U.S. Department of State 11/8, 2010) The people of Sweden are Swedes or Swedish; population 9,373,379. Swedish is the official language, although English is widely spoken. There are three main ethnic groups: the Swedes, ethnic Finns, and ethnic Sami. There is also about 14% of the

One Laptop per Child (innovation and creativity) Essay

One Laptop per Child (innovation and creativity) - Essay Example OPLC has reached great height but it still faces white-water rapid situation since it is not easy to get the funding to donate laptops to all needy students in Australia and other areas of the world. It is clear that the program mainly focuses on the higher grades in school while the lower classes do not receive any laptops. It is also not easy to ship the laptops because of cost and there are limitations to the number of schools that receive the laptops (Pearce, 2012). The internal force that may force the OLPC program to change is the software and hardware bugs that affect computers. Various problems face computers including viruses, hacking into the system, and their open source code could easily become a target. The external problem OLPC may face is shortage of funding that is needed to support the large production of these computers. Currently the laptop costs 400 US dollars that is high price since most people in developing countries live on less than a dollar a day. Maintaining the funding needed to support these families to sustain the laptops is a problem that the program may face (Pearce, 2012). The objective and mission of OLPC is geared towards empowering children especially from poor countries to learn by offering laptop to the young learners. This program has transformed the lives of many children in developing countries through strengthening of education standards. It is a way of ensuring that children understand the concept of self-expression and exploring new talents and experiences. Children are inquisitive and eager to learn but some countries do not have the resources necessary to quench their curiosity and therefore, the OLPC XO computer is the key to unlocking their potential. The laptop opens the door to the outside world through learning, studying, browsing, and calculating in various subjects. There is a lot of

Art of Darkness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Art of Darkness - Essay Example rop Frye discusses it in his essay, refers simply to a special kind of narrative.1 The special nature of this narrative is that it is devised to reflect the beliefs of a particular culture, especially as it uses the concept of the supernatural to explore and explain natural events and the essence of human nature. Frye’s argument is that this mythic narrative is included in almost all of the archetypes used in literature and that these concepts are also found within our most sacred ritual events as we continue to seek the true nature of the order of life. Considering Frye’s discussion of myth, ritual and the natural cycle as it is presented in The Archetypes of Literature, it can be seen that there are several rituals and beliefs that we experience in modern life that we are perhaps not even aware of as being a voluntary affirmation of the natural order of life, such as the beliefs we associate with the concept of darkness. An examination into the traditional values asso ciated with darkness helps to inform the shift in focus seen as the world began to shift into its more modern configuration. Generally acknowledged to have started with the publication of Horace Walpole’s novel The Castle of Otranto in 1764, the Gothic genre represents a fundamental shift in thinking from one dominated by ideals and reason to one of imagination and emotion.2 Gothic literature is characterized by its unique way of combining horror and romance to create a completely new genre that, particularly after the advent of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theory,3 focused more and more on the power of the mind to terrify itself. Common elements found within Gothic literature include terror, the supernatural, ghosts, haunted houses with a particular type of architecture, castles, darkness, death, madness, secrets and hereditary curses. Characters typically fall into stereotypical personas such as the femmes fatales, flawed heroes, monsters of various types and flawed individuals.